Climate change has both direct and indirect effects on the physical and mental health of individuals and communities. These impacts disproportionately affect marginalized groups, particularly those who are economically disadvantaged. Research indicates that rising temperatures may lead to increased rates of aggression and violent suicides. Additionally, prolonged droughts caused by climate change can result in higher suicide rates among those reliant on rain-fed agriculture, such as farmers. Droughts can also impair mental health, contributing to stress and anxiety.

Furthermore, the growing frequency of extreme weather events—such as flooding and landslides—can lead to conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder, and depression. Climate change displaces populations from their traditional homes, resulting in acculturation stress. Moreover, the physical illnesses associated with climate change can further contribute to psychological distress.